The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.366 to 0.829 and 0.439 to 0.848, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 11. A set of 30 microsatellite markers were randomly selected to validate in 41 individuals from three populations, of which 10 were polymorphic. A total of 3,235 microsatellite loci were detected from 53,517 unigenes. schneideriana using high-throughput sequencing approach to detect polymorphic expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) markers. In this study, we performed a transcriptome sequencing of Z. of the Ulmaceae family is a Tertiary relict and economically deciduous tree species endemic to Central and Southern China. Based on these findings, appropriate strategies for the long-term conservation of the endangered species H. A recent population bottleneck was revealed, which may cause rapid loss of genetic diversity and increased differentiation across populations. hainanensis populations prior to habitat fragmentation. The observed genetic structure suggests that long-distance gene flow occurred among H. A Mantel test found no correlation between genetic and geographical distances (r = 0.040, p = 0.418). hainanensis individuals into three genetic groups, which were found to be widespread and overlapping geographically. Bayesian model-based clustering and principal coordinate analysis consistently assigned H. hainanensis exhibited reduced overall genetic diversity and increased population differentiation (AMOVA: F ST = 0.23).

Compared to non-threatened Hopea species, H.

To facilitate the conservation of this species, genetic diversity and population structure were assessed using 12 SSR markers for 10 populations sampled across Hainan Island. hainanensis has suffered from overexploitation, leading to a sharp population decline. However, because of its highly valued timber, H. On Hainan Island, it is an important indicator species for tropical forests. Hopea hainanensis Merrill & Chun (Dipterocarpaceae) is an endangered tree species restricted to Hainan Island, China and a small part of Northern Vietnam.

Individual tree heterozygosity genodive